Biobased Economy a Roller Coaster for Countries Economy A biobased economy is an economy which make use of resources from living nature (biomass, ‘green resources’), as an intrinsic part of a green or sustainable economy. A well-developed bio based economy uses bio based resources primarily for the production of chemicals and materials, and energy is produced as a side product. In a bio based economy, many agricultural products will be industrially harnessed into materials and energy. There is nothing new to that: paper and pulp industries have done so for centuries; cotton and linen are as old as mankind; most fragrance is bio based; since the 19th century potato starch is widely used as an industrial resource. The perspective of biobased economy is to produce materials that are smartly devised and are suitable as oil-based materials, or even greatly improved, from bio based resources or from agricultural side streams. The resource could be sugar beet, or potato, or grass, or impo...
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Science of Gene Therapy
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Gene Therapy is a very promising approach for correcting the defective genes to restore their normal function. Many diseases related to immune system , Blood disorders and Colour Blindness have been treated through this approach. Gene Therapy science started in 1960's when we were able to deliver target gene to the mammalian cells. In 1970, gene therapy was applied to treat the two german sisters suffering from hyperargeninia, which was unfortunately an unsuccessful attempt and took life of both girls. Another unsuccessful attempt was also made by Martin Cline leading to killing of both pateints In 1990 major breakthrough was provided to the gene therapy when a four year old srilankan girl named Ashanta De Silva was treated successfully. She was suffering from a immunodefeciency disorder named SCID(severe combined immunodefeciency syndrome). The Gene therapy was done by W. F Anderson. After 1990 the science of gene therapy began to progress rapidly many gene therapy trials ...
The Crazy Colours of Blood
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Believe it or not, not all the blood is red. The life giving fluid comes in five different and unique colours. The colours of the blood depends on the composition of the blood. The five crazy colours of blood are Red, Green, Yellow, Blue, Purple. Now we will discuss all the colours of blood separately. Red The red colour blood is found in humans and most invertebrates. The heomoglobin protien containing iron in blood is responsible for giving red colour to the blood. The blood in veins appears deep red sometime it also appear blue to people from outside but that is due to the interaction of light with veins and skin. When it comes out of the body it ionizes and appears bright red in colour. Green Many annelids, segmented worms, leeches and marines worms have green colour. The green colour of blood is due to the presence of a pigment called Chlorocrurin which turns green when oxygenated. This protien almost resembles to heomoglobin with slight differences in their chemical struct...
Every Drop Counts
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Water is one of the basic necessities of life. No life could have been possible on earth without water. Although water is a natural resources but due our carelessness and slackness we are running short of water. Pakistan is no exception in this regard. According to the recent reports of Internation Monetary Fund, Pakistan ranks third among the countries facing extreme water shortage. This problem is agravating day by day. Recently, Pakistan Council of Research of water resources(PCRWR) have warned that pakistan would reach extreme water scarcity by the year 2025. The severity of the problem can be determined by the fact that pakistan has only water storage capacity of only 30 days however safe water storage capacity is considered 120 days. There are number of reasons behind the shortage of water in pakistan. One of the major reason behind water scarcity is the absence of proper reservoirs for water storage. We are very careless in the domestic use of water. Sometimes inexpensive...